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  • Rick Kaplan 12:48 pm on June 20, 2019 Permalink  

    Bringing a Measure of Sanity to the FCC’s Children’s TV Rules 

    On Tuesday, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai announced that the FCC would be voting in July to approve modernized rules governing children’s programming on broadcast television. While the current rules may have once served a purpose in a marketplace led by broadcast television, they certainly no longer have a place in today’s world where kids have a seemingly unending number of video options. A look at the facts rather than the rhetoric makes plain why the FCC is finally headed in the right direction.

    In Washington, we often see issues boiled down to headlines and talking points. Undoubtedly, we’ll see some of this in the coming weeks as certain opponents suggest without support that the FCC’s proposed reforms are bad for kids.

    If we are living in the world of facts, however, there should be no argument that the FCC is correct to be addressing a long-overdue issue. Broadcasters take incredibly seriously the responsibility to serve our communities – including children – with the programming on which they rely. But the reality is that today’s kids are not turning to broadcast television for their video needs. This truth should not be a surprise given the fierce competition for kids’ and families’ attention. In addition to the myriad cable television channels that now specialize in kids programming, the internet has transformed the way young people interact with video. Kids programming is no longer about the half-hour program on Saturday morning. Now, kids can watch anytime, anywhere and on any device, and they do. The landscape has completely changed.

    Don’t take my word for it – just look at the numbers. Last year, fewer than 90 children ages 2-17 watched any given educational and informational program on the average NBC or CBS affiliate station via broadcast antenna. In the last 10 years, Saturday morning viewership of the four major English-language broadcast networks by kids ages 2-11 declined by a remarkable 71 percent. And out of the 4 hours and 30 minutes that kids ages 2-16 spent watching video content per day in 2017, they spent only 37 minutes of that time watching broadcast TV.

    In contrast, in 2017 kids ages 2-16 spent 2 hours and 3 minutes watching internet-based content and 1 hour and 49 minutes watching pay-TV. This makes sense given that 98 percent of homes with children have mobile devices, such as tablets or smartphones, and as of 2017, 75 percent of kids ages eight and younger lived in a home with an internet-connected TV. Ninety-five percent of teens ages 13-17 also own a smart phone or have access to one, and 93 percent of teens ages 13-15 use social platforms to access video, including 82 percent through YouTube, 72 percent through Netflix and 64 percent through cable or satellite TV.

    Even if a barrage of data makes your eyes glaze over, just look around at your sons, daughters, nieces, nephews, brothers, sisters or friends. What do they watch? How long do they watch? On what devices do they watch? Is it primarily over-the-air?

    I’m confident the answers to these questions link the data to what you know to be true in your daily life. Kids have tons of options that have completely transformed their viewing habits.

    What hasn’t changed, however, are the rules that treat the world as if we are still living in the 1980s or 90s. Indeed, you may be wondering why it’s necessary (or even permissible) for the government to impose content regulations on broadcast television in the first place. Perhaps that’s a conversation for another day. Regardless, we are well past time to adopt common sense reform of rules that were promulgated well before cable television and the internet began to dominate children’s attention.

    Fortunately, in a process led by FCC Commissioner Michael O’Rielly, the FCC took on this important project. The FCC recognized the need for reform, not merely to reduce burdens to broadcast television stations, but to benefit kids and the community as a whole. Broadcasters cannot own an unlimited number of channels; they have limited airtime to deliver the programming their communities demand. That is why the FCC is proposing to modify its current requirement that broadcasters air three hours of children’s television programming each week to give broadcasters more options on how to best serve kids and the general public.

    For example, per the draft Order released by the Commission yesterday, rather than requiring that all programs be 30 minutes or more in length, the FCC plans to allow broadcasters to experiment with different models to reach kids. Anyone who is around young people knows that kids watch videos in short bursts and are far less likely to sit for a 30-minute program. The FCC also acknowledges what we all know about how kids watch programs. Outside of live sports, appointment viewing is no longer the norm. By allowing broadcasters to air some programs that are not regularly and weekly scheduled, it gives them the opportunity to get creative in how to best serve kids. Rather than mandating a three-hour block of programming each week, this proposal would unshackle broadcasters and allow them to air more programming at times when kids are more likely to watch, such as over winter, spring or summer breaks.

    The changes outlined by the FCC also acknowledge that broadcasters serve a larger audience as well. Stations across the country are expanding their weekend news, public interest programming and live sports that their communities crave. Given that we’ve just passed the 10-year anniversary of the digital television transition, it is also past time that broadcasters are allowed to air some of their children’s mandated television programs on their multicast streams. This adjustment will help broadcasters avoid the unfortunate choice between adding a newscast and meeting their children’s television obligations, and it will cut down on schedule changes to children’s programming that some parties expressed concern about throughout this proceeding. Importantly, multicast streams are available to any family accessing their broadcast programming through a free over-the-air signal.

    NAB believes the Commission could have made even greater strides in its effort to modernize the children’s television rules. Many of the obligations that will remain are still hard to justify given the overwhelming facts in the record. In fact, these rules are a cautionary tale for any industry facing regulation; once rules are in place, no matter what the world looks like decades later, it is very difficult to update them in any meaningful way.

    In lieu of greater reform, however, the FCC did its best to achieve a balance in which all stakeholders should find comfort. Broadcasters will still air a great deal of children’s programming, and homes that don’t have access to the internet will still have access to quality free over-the-air programming. Under these revised rules, however, broadcasters will have the ability to experiment with improving this content in light of today’s video marketplace. If nothing else, the FCC is taking an important and measured step towards a more rational and effective kid vid regime.

    Given the inevitable rhetoric, NAB understands that these common-sense reforms did not come easily. Commissioner O’Rielly, Chairman Pai and the FCC staff developing these new rules should be commended for taking seriously the data in the record and working for lasting reform. In the end, they have produced a proposal that will benefit kids and the public at large.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 1:04 pm on July 12, 2018 Permalink
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    Common-Sense Reforms for Children’s TV 

    More than 20 years ago, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) created rules that require over-the-air TV broadcasters – and only over-the-air TV broadcasters – to air a specific amount of children’s educational programming, at specific times, in specific formats and in specific ways. The FCC’s rules implemented the Children’s Television Act of 1990, which was passed into law before the advent of the internet as well as the hundreds of cable and satellite channels that exist today. But while the world around the FCC’s highly prescriptive rules has dramatically changed, the agency didn’t seem to notice.

    Thankfully, this FCC – following the lead of Commissioner Mike O’Rielly – decided it was finally time for the agency to open its eyes and take a peek.

    The result is that the Commission is bearing witness to what everyone else plainly already sees. More to the point, what every kid sees. Namely, that children today have infinitely more options to engage with interactive video content, on myriad platforms and at times of their choosing. Children don’t have to make an “appointment” for their favorite programs; they are available around the clock. Kids can also turn to a variety of sources. Indeed, with the explosion of cable and satellite programming, we’ve seen the development of entire channels dedicated to content for kids. And now with the internet, kids have access to all kinds of new programming – including from over-the-air broadcasters – in ways no one even imagined in 1990.

    Given the unassailable fact that the children’s TV world has changed, the FCC has an obligation to examine its rules in light of those changes. The need for a closer look is especially ripe, because the government’s rules single out over-the-air broadcasters; they act as if broadcast TV is the only way kids are exposed to age-appropriate programming. The FCC’s rules don’t apply to cable programming. They don’t apply to satellite programming. And they don’t apply to the internet (surprise, surprise).

    None of this is to suggest that the FCC should jettison its responsibilities under the Children’s Television Act. It’s merely time – past time, actually – for the Commission to recognize that the world around those rules is very different than the one when they were written in the 1990s. Given the explosion of kids’ content in the marketplace, it is also unnecessary and unduly burdensome (and likely unconstitutional) for the federal government to require that broadcasters air children’s programming on each digital program stream. In addition, the FCC could incentivize better children’s programming were it to count short-form or special block programming towards monthly, quarterly or annual targets.

    Some groups have asserted that the Commission does not have enough data to propose new, more flexible rules. These claims are misguided. The FCC has a wealth of data on the state of the video marketplace. Beyond that, one can simply hit the power switch on his or her TV, computer, tablet or smartphone. The evidence is all on the screen. Today’s kids – from any background – have access to an unprecedented level of educational and informational programming.

    Rather than turning a blind eye to all of the incredible innovations in children’s programming, we should all get down to the business of figuring out what rules still make sense in light of the dramatic changes in the relevant marketplace over the past two decades. It’s a process the agency should take seriously. Leaving rules in place that govern a bygone age is evidence of a government that is abdicating – not pursuing – the responsibilities to which the American public has entrusted it. We are pleased the FCC has taken an important step in the right direction.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 11:27 am on August 16, 2016 Permalink  

    Time To Put Up 

    It will be important to watch closely how the forward auction unfolds, as this is the golden opportunity for which the wireless industry has lobbied intensely. CTIA and CCA, the leading wireless trade associations, have wholeheartedly supported the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)’s hard work throughout the auction rulemaking process and have approved the agency’s ultimate auction design. These associations have claimed there is “tremendous need for additional spectrum” and that “the spectrum crisis facing the wireless industry continues to grow.” Thus, this auction has now opened for the wireless industry a long-awaited window to put its money where its mouth is, and for those who promised the incentive auction “will play a vital role in addressing the spectrum crunch,” the time to back that claim up is now.

    Although we hear a lot less these days about a so-called “spectrum crunch,” that was the rallying cry that encouraged Congress to provide the FCC with the ability to conduct this unique auction. We’ll find out soon enough whether that lobbying was simply an empty slogan or if the wireless industry is indeed desperate for more licensed spectrum.

    If the wireless industry’s demand doesn’t meet the broadcast industry’s supply, the wireless industry need only look in the mirror. Again, FCC staff worked day and night over the course of years to develop this particular auction design, and the wireless industry has been its biggest cheerleader in that regard. Broadcasters did their part in the first phase of the auction; we now look forward to the wireless industry showing up and demonstrating how accurate its countless comments, tweets and blogs about the incredible demand for spectrum really are.

     

     

  • Rick Kaplan 10:30 am on July 13, 2016 Permalink  

    One Year From Now: Full Speed Ahead With Innovation 

    At its monthly open meeting tomorrow, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) will vote on an order setting the stage for the next generation of wireless services. The order – part of the “Spectrum Frontiers” proceeding – will make expansive amounts of high band spectrum available for wireless services, including next-generation 5G service. This vote will come just nine months after the FCC issued its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) seeking comment on this matter.

    That’s an admirably fast track, particularly given the scope of the proceeding. To get here, the FCC had to evaluate numerous new spectrum bands for expanded wireless operations – a total of more than 10 GHz of new spectrum – and consider appropriate service rules authorizing mobile operations in those bands. These rules include a combination of licensed use, a commercial-to-commercial shared access regime, and unlicensed use, as well as provisions to protect incumbent federal government uses in some bands.

    NAB commends the Commission for moving with such speed to lay the groundwork for the next generation of wireless services. We hope the Commission will move at least as quickly when it comes to the next generation of television service. In fact, the Next Generation TV proceeding should be much easier; the Commission does not need to authorize new spectrum sharing regimes or provide broadcasters with additional spectrum.

    The key lesson from the Spectrum Frontiers proceeding that should guide the Commission in the Next Gen TV proceeding is that flexibility is key. The Commission’s approach has been to “promote a flexible regulatory environment for the next generation of wireless services.”[1] The FCC stated that its goal was “to develop flexible rules that will accommodate a wide variety of current and future technologies.”[2] The FCC should take a similar approach towards Next Gen TV service.

    The Next Gen TV proposal before the Commission asks it to approve only a new transmission standard. This will ensure that broadcast television licensees have the flexibility to offer services and features the market demands, and will avoid bogging the Commission down while additional layers of the service are defined. In the Spectrum Frontiers proceeding, the Commission noted that it did “not intend to define what qualifies as ‘5G’,” and that standards bodies were still developing requirements.[3]

    5G’s nascent status has not prevented the Commission from moving forward in the Spectrum Frontiers proceeding, and it shouldn’t stop the Commission from moving forward with authorizing Next Gen TV. In fact, the Commission emphatically rejected calls for delay until more was known about how or whether mobile services would develop in higher bands, stating that such “delays could affect the United States’ leadership in mobile communications and hurt consumers.”[4] Similarly, delays in approving voluntary use of a new television transmission standard could affect U.S. leadership in broadcast television and deprive consumers of new features and services.

    NAB and individual broadcasters have asked the FCC to issue an NPRM by October 1 proposing rules for the voluntary use of the Next Gen TV transmission standard. If the Commission can meet that goal, and there is no reason it would be unable to do so, a nine-month benchmark would have the Commission issuing final rules allowing broadcasters to transmit using the new standard no later than July 2017 – a fitting anniversary of the 5G action the FCC will take tomorrow. Just one year from now, the Commission should be in the admirable position of having laid the foundation for the future of both the wireless and television industries.

    [1] Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz For Mobile Radio Services, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 15-138, ¶ 1 (Oct. 23, 2015).

    [2] Id. at ¶ 3.

    [3] Id. at ¶ 1, n.1.

    [4] Id. at ¶ 24.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 2:18 pm on June 30, 2016 Permalink  

    Auction 101: Setting Prices in the Reverse Auction 

    On Wednesday, bidding in the reverse component of the first stage of the broadcast spectrum incentive auction came to a close. As promised, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) promptly released the total clearing costs needed to close the auction at the initial clearing target. While we wait for the beginning of the forward auction, we thought this might be a good time for a refresher on how the FCC is conducting the auction and what role broadcasters play.

    The FCC enthusiastically marketed the auction to broadcasters throughout the country. It made the application process as straightforward as reasonably possible for interested stations. And it set opening bid prices – the maximum amount stations could ever get for participating in the auction – at very attractive levels to encourage broadcasters to enter the auction. As the FCC has acknowledged, robust broadcaster participation in the auction allowed the FCC to set a high spectrum clearing target of 126 MHz.

    Broadcasters currently operate on ultra-high frequency (UHF) channels 14-51. Clearing 126 MHz will require the FCC to buy enough stations to fit remaining UHF broadcasters in channels 14-29.[1] During the reverse auction, prices offered to broadcasters dropped each round by a predetermined percentage set by the FCC. Stations merely decided whether they were still interested in the auction at the new – lower – price the FCC presented to them, or if they wished to drop out of the auction entirely. At no point could broadcasters manipulate the price they were offered or control which stations the FCC would select as winners.

    Prior to each new round, the FCC ran a simulation to see if they could repack those broadcasters remaining in the auction to new channels in the reduced television band. If a station could be repacked to a new channel, its price continued to drop. If a station could not be repacked – there was nowhere to put it while still clearing 126 MHz – then the FCC froze that station at its current price. Prices for other stations continued to drop until those stations too were needed by the FCC, the stations dropped out of the auction or prices reached zero in the final round of the auction.

    To be clear, then, if a station dropped out of the auction, it received no money. And that station can’t come back and try again. It will not be eligible to participate in a subsequent stage of the auction, if one is needed. Meanwhile, a station that was frozen and is a provisional winner didn’t set its price, it’s simply in line to receive what the FCC was offering when the FCC determined that it didn’t have anywhere left to put the station in the new television band. Broadcasters didn’t have price leverage; they couldn’t “demand” a certain price or “hold out” for a certain price. Nor did they set the opening price, as noted above. Rather, the price they were offered dropped every round unless the FCC needed them to achieve the 126 MHz band plan. In short, the FCC set opening prices, set the level by which those prices would drop and selected which stations would be winners.

    Because there seems to be some confusion on this point, we’ll repeat it. Broadcasters had no levers to drive up prices in the auction. They could not “hold out.” They had no ability to force the FCC to pay a higher price than the FCC was offering. The only options available were stay in or drop out, and the only way a station could win (provisionally) is if the FCC determined it needed that station to meet its current clearing target. At that point the station’s price was frozen.

    We understand the incentive auction is quite complex given all of the moving pieces. That is hardly an excuse, however, for parties to be so far off the mark as to claim that broadcasters somehow held out or drove up the price of spectrum. That view represents a fundamental misunderstanding of the auction and maligns the work of the Commission staff as well as the positive role broadcasters have played in this process.

    Now the wireless industry is on the clock and we’ll see what kind of demand they truly have for spectrum.

    [1] This is an oversimplification, as the FCC can put a limited number of stations in the new wireless portion of the band, from channels 30-51.

     

     

  • Rick Kaplan 10:21 am on March 29, 2016 Permalink  

    It Begins 

    Today is an exciting day at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), with the official start of the broadcast spectrum incentive auction. And much is at stake – a successful auction means that spectrum will be repurposed, a huge amount of money will change hands and technology and spectrum policy will be shaped for the future. All of these things hang on the outcome of a brave and untested idea dreamed up by economists and enabled by engineers.

    The FCC staff deserves considerable credit for getting us to this point. As the idea of an incentive auction was explored in detail, challenges arose and the Commission’s staff grappled with them in earnest. To be sure, not every solution can be elegant and there remains disagreement about whether each one will prove successful, but the FCC staff is now able to push the “start” button and the initial spectrum clearing target will be revealed.

    A good deal of credit also goes to former FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski, who first presented the incentive auction concept as part of the National Broadband Plan, to Chairman Tom Wheeler, who has led the charge to dot the auction’s i’s and cross its t’s, and to all of the commissioners who have engaged in a difficult process to bring to light the key policy decisions at stake along the way.

    Even on this momentous occasion, we should be mindful that our work is only partially complete. The dedicated FCC staff is now turning its attention to one of the most complex processes of relocating incumbent spectrum users in its history. We must also recognize that the auction will harm low power television and translator services. This will affect many viewers across the country who rely on those services for critical public safety news and information. Broadcasters will continue to work with the Commission to ensure that damage to these and other critical broadcasting operations is minimized.

    What happens next is anyone’s guess, but the FCC staff can certainly be proud that they worked incredibly hard under tight timelines to bring us to the doorstep of this exciting auction.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 12:08 pm on September 23, 2015 Permalink
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    Revisionist History, Cable Goodies and Still Nothing for Consumers 

    On Tuesday, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Tom Wheeler’s Media Bureau chief, Bill Lake, took to the blogosphere in an attempt to reverse the palpable lack of enthusiasm for the Chairman’s plan to eliminate the broadcast TV exclusivity rules. Unfortunately, Mr. Lake’s written defense of the Chairman’s proposal is fatally flawed and obscures the larger questions surrounding the Chairman’s recent efforts.

    There are many reasons why Chairman Wheeler’s self-generated push to eliminate the Commission’s network and syndicated exclusivity rules is misguided. As the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) has detailed in numerous filings, the exclusivity rules enhance localism without granting new substantive rights. They also create a significant marketplace efficiency by preventing protracted and expensive litigation over private marketplace deals. They are part of a larger comprehensive system developed and reworked by Congress over the last several decades and serve as an important deterrent against cable operator mischief of the sort that industry typically reserves for its customers.

    Since the Chairman first circulated his proposal in August, broadcasters across the country have reminded the FCC that Congress already has in place a carefully constructed framework that includes exclusivity protections at its core. As Mr. Lake acknowledges for the first time, Congress, the White House and the FCC forged an agreement among stakeholders in 1971 that would lead to cable’s compulsory license, content owners’ compensation and broadcasters’ bargained-for exclusivity protection at the FCC. Notably, the cable industry received a hefty government subsidy in the copyright deal, as the government and not the market continues to set the rates cable companies pay for the underlying content they re-sell to consumers.

    Mr. Lake argues that despite this agreement, subsequent events nullify the need for the FCC to uphold the part of the system that promotes local broadcast TV service. Specifically, Mr. Lake asserts that because Congress instituted the retransmission consent regime in 1992, there is no longer a need for the FCC to preserve local exclusivity. The thinking goes that broadcasters need not worry about the importation of distant signals because retransmission consent makes it more difficult for cable companies to obtain the rights to import signals from third-party stations.

    This argument, however, is not only inaccurate, but also completely misses the point. When enacting the retransmission consent regime in 1992, Congress stated expressly:

    [T]he Committee has relied on the protections which are afforded local stations by the FCC’s network non-duplication and syndicated exclusivity rules. Amendments or deletions of these rules in a manner which would allow distant stations to be submitted on cable systems for carriage or local stations carrying the same programming would, in the Committee’s view, be inconsistent with the regulatory structure [adopted in the 1992 Cable Act].

    Contrary to Mr. Lake’s central claim, Congress was well aware of the importance of the exclusivity rules when it granted retransmission consent rights to broadcasters. The “major piece[] of the intervening history” (i.e., the 1992 Cable Act) that Mr. Lake identifies in his blog itself recognized that exclusivity is part and parcel of the copyright/retransmission consent framework. It is awfully difficult to claim that an intervening event fundamentally altered an initial deal when the authors of that event stated that they were incorporating all of the elements of the original agreement.

    But even if those pages of intervening history were lost, one could simply look to the satellite reauthorization bill Congress passed just last year to see how hollow Mr. Lake’s claim rings. In reauthorizing the satellite distant signal license, Congress yet again preserved local exclusivity for satellite viewers. Therefore, even if somehow one could claim that Congress didn’t understand the potential impact of retransmission consent on exclusivity in 1992, no one can plausibly claim that Congress was so blind as to miss the implications of local exclusivity in 2014. And does Mr. Lake seriously think that Congress meant to create a mechanism for broadcasters to enforce their exclusivity rights against satellite, but not against their cable competitors?

    Moreover, missing in all of this historical rewriting is that neither the Chairman nor Mr. Lake even attempt to suggest that consumers may benefit from the Chairman’s proposal or that eliminating the rules will alleviate some burden that the Commission currently faces. Their central premise is simply that the rules are “old” and “unnecessary.”

    As NAB has highlighted elsewhere, if age were the measure of a regulation’s validity, why is the Chairman wasting his time with the relatively recent exclusivity rules, when the World War II-era media ownership rules are comparatively low-hanging fruit? The beauty of the Commission’s oversight of the ownership rules is that, unlike the exclusivity rules, Congress actually requires the FCC to review them every four years to see if they are still operating in the public interest. This raises the question of why consideration of the exclusivity rules has vaulted ahead of a meaningful review of the ownership rules, which have been subject to an ongoing proceeding since 2009 with no end in sight.

    It can be a tough pill to swallow to pull back a proposal one has made to his or her colleagues. In this case, however, it appears that no one but the Chairman and Mr. Lake believe that eliminating the exclusivity rules is a good idea, or even, at best, should be a Commission priority. Even the American Cable Association (ACA) only supports the change insofar as it leads to the Commission outlawing exclusive broadcaster arrangements altogether. With history and common sense as a guide, it’s time to shelve this proposal and move on to more important matters that preserve localism, competition and diversity for the benefit of consumers.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 11:52 am on July 22, 2015 Permalink
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    You Want Breaking News Coverage? Then Mind the Gap 

    When was the last time you turned to TV to follow details of breaking news as it unfolded – the real, on-the-ground coverage from reporters in the field? In the first half of this year alone, we learned firsthand about the civil unrest in Baltimore following the death of Freddie Gray, followed with bated breath the manhunt throughout local communities in upstate New York for two convicted murders who had escaped from prison, watched crowds of Americans gather on the South Carolina State House grounds to see a flag come down and heard from those rallying on the Supreme Court steps from local TV reporters at the scene.

    If you care about live, on-the-ground coverage of events that are shaping our world – then you care about something called the duplex gap.

    Last year, the FCC announced it would no longer reserve two channels in each market within the TV band for critical wireless microphone use, which is essential for broadcaster coverage of breaking news and emergencies. Instead, the FCC decided to set aside space for wireless microphones in the duplex gap, a vacant lot of spectrum located within the wireless band. Wireless mics’ new home in the duplex gap was by no means a perfect solution, but it was all the FCC said it could manage, and broadcasters have done their best over the past year to start figuring out exactly how to make these new digs work.

    But just as mics were getting ready to settle into their new home, the FCC just last month said there was one more catch: this real estate would not be available everywhere, as the FCC will place TV stations themselves in the duplex gap in certain markets after the spectrum auction. When a TV station sets up shop in the gap, no other service can use it, including the mics used by reporters rushing to cover tragedy, weather emergencies and other critical events on the ground.

    This was quite a change from the FCC’s initial promise, so many parties, including FCC commissioners, asked Commission staff to explain why this about-face was necessary. In producing its information, the staff revealed that it had only done an analysis of one possible scenario for each of three spectrum recovery targets, but staff argued that data showed that in certain markets the FCC needed to put stations in the duplex gap. Chairman Wheeler has said that the number of affected markets would be no more than six. This proposed change is very bad news for newsgatherers who rely on wireless mics to report the news, for viewers who depend upon local and national reporters to get in the middle of a story and public safety officials, who work hand-in-hand with local broadcasters to keep the public and first responders safe.

    But the FCC staff is insistent on undoing the original compromise and broadcasters are now in a pickle. We support the auction and want to see it succeed. But we also know we need wireless microphone technology to ably cover the news and keep our communities safe.

    So yesterday NAB proposed a new compromise (or “recompromise”) – one that is far from ideal for us – but one that at least holds the Commission to its (new) word, and asks that no more than one station in each of six markets (if necessary) are put in the duplex gap to avoid widespread elimination of wireless microphone use to cover local news. Six markets is damage enough, especially if one of them is the second-largest. But if that’s the number, then let’s agree to it, figure out alternative solutions in those markets for wireless mics and go forward.

    If the answer, however, is that it’s potentially more than six markets, the FCC has a major credibility problem. If the goalposts move again, we should all be wary of what’s in store for this auction. For it to be successful, we all need to be able to trust the FCC.

    Broadcasters have met the FCC far more than halfway. Now let’s put it in ink and move on to the auction and better solutions for broadcasters, their viewers and public safety.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 11:09 am on November 17, 2014 Permalink  

    Let’s Not Fumble the Over-the-Top Opportunity 

    FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler recently circulated a proposal to his colleagues that recommends classifying certain over-the-top providers as multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs). The proposal aims to stimulate competition in the increasingly consolidated pay-television market.

    NAB agrees these are worthy goals. Emerging over-the-top distribution provides an opportunity to unleash new competitive alternatives while preserving and enhancing localism and diversity in the Internet age. Broadcasters support the deployment of new and innovative video services that have the potential to boost competition to the benefit of consumers. We are committed to providing our highly sought after and unique blend of local and national content on any device wherever Americans want and need access.

    Broadcasters are doing much of that innovation on their own today. ABC developed one of the original iPad apps, now referred to as “Watch ABC,” giving consumers a new avenue to great content from the earliest days of the tablet. Fox and Univision have announced plans for similar services, as has NBC with its NBC Now Service. Syncbak, a smartphone and tablet app developed by broadcasters, provides local viewers access to broadcast television through Internet-enabled devices. And just recently, CBS announced CBS All Access, its new over-the-top service, experimenting with new ways for consumers to access CBS stations from around the country. These are just a few examples of recent innovations that have furthered consumer access to broadcast content online, and the fact remains that local broadcast stations have the most viewed local content on the Web.

    The FCC’s new inquiry, while intriguing, does have its challenges. It will take an open-minded and thoughtful approach to address the complex web of legal, policy and practical implications inherent in applying facilities-based rules to over-the-top providers. It is therefore somewhat concerning that, in recent public comments, Chairman Wheeler appeared not to appreciate these complexities:

    “By facilitating access to [broadcast TV] content, we expect Internet-based linear programming services to develop as a competitor to cable and satellite. Consumers will be able to buy the channels they want instead of having to pay for channels they don’t want. As you know, a startup called Aereo has already proposed doing this, but the broadcasters were able to stop it in court, in part because of the old rules of the FCC. Aereo wasn’t the reason for the new rules, but the idea that entrepreneurs should be able to assemble programs to offer consumers choices is something that shouldn’t be hindered by the FCC.”

    First, by asserting that “the broadcasters were able to stop [Aereo] in court,” the Chairman conveniently ignores that broadcasters were not the only ones to object to Aereo’s illegal operation: the Justice Department did as well. As the Solicitor General argued to the Supreme Court, “[Aereo’s] unauthorized Internet retransmissions violate… statutory requirements and infringe [broadcasters’] public-performance rights under [the Copyright Act].” The Obama Administration was therefore as responsible for “stopping” Aereo as broadcasters were.

    Second, the Chairman misidentifies not only who, but what actually stood in the way of allowing Aereo to continue to misappropriate content. It wasn’t “the old rules of the FCC.” It was a statute: the Copyright Act. The Act is designed to ensure that content creators are fairly compensated for the work they develop, and derives from rights explicitly prescribed by the U.S. Constitution. If the Aereos of the world could simply take what local stations and networks pour billions of dollars into producing and turn around and charge consumers for it – especially with no added value – content creators would have little or no incentive to produce that work. That is why the Supreme Court found that Aereo “infringe[d]” on the networks’ exclusive right” under the Act. Thus, even if the Chairman could unilaterally change the FCC’s “old rules” today, Aereo’s business model would still violate the law.

    Third, simply because someone introduces a new service, he or she is not suddenly an “entrepreneur that shouldn’t be hindered by the FCC.” Shouldn’t it matter to the FCC, at a bare minimum, whether content is distributed legally or illegally? Aereo was innovative only in its creative attempt to skirt the copyright laws, not, for example, in the quality or speed of its streaming service. Let’s not forget that Aereo is only now approaching the FCC to obtain MVPD status, having waited until after the Supreme Court made clear that its attempt to charge consumers without compensating rights holders plainly violated the law.

    NAB supports the FCC examining how best to ensure that online entities can offer competitive alternatives. It is an important inquiry. While it presents exciting opportunities for consumers, however, without the proper level of humility and recognition of all of its challenges, it could lead to serious pitfalls. Tough questions loom, including how to handle a deluge of new potential MVPDs, how to avoid further homogenizing news, weather, sports and entertainment, and how to prevent stifling new business models outside of the MVPD context that could further enhance consumer welfare. These are all essential ingredients that must be in the mix. And yes, the law matters.

    The FCC has a terrific chance to get this challenging and novel proceeding right. If it does, we are likely to see increased competition, localism and diversity. But a healthy respect for the law and the incentives it creates (and prevents) is essential at the outset. We look forward to working with the FCC as it forges ahead in this unchartered territory.

     

  • Rick Kaplan 1:10 pm on September 10, 2014 Permalink  

    Sorry to Disappoint, But NAB Is Playing It Straight Up 

    FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler certainly traveled a great distance simply to accuse the NAB yesterday in Las Vegas of seeking to delay or derail his upcoming broadcast spectrum incentive auction. With all due respect Mr. Chairman, I fear that your comments are not only wrong, but will create the very uncertainties and distractions you say you want to avoid.

    At both the CCA and CTIA wireless conferences, the Chairman seemed overly preoccupied by NAB’s lawsuit to overturn certain targeted elements of the Commission’s incentive auction order. Among other related comments, in his prepared remarks the Chairman noted that, if NAB “w[as] to win, the effect would be to delay the auction, notwithstanding NAB’s claims to the contrary.”

    The NAB “claims” to which the Chairman refers is a blog I recently wrote that details everything NAB is doing to have our legal concerns addressed as soon as possible. NAB did not file a petition for reconsideration first, as T-Mobile and Sprint did, which would have given us another layer of process behind which to hide if we really were aiming for delay. We did not wait until the last minute in the 60-day period during which legal challenges could be filed; we filed on day one. And we affirmatively sought and were granted expedited review of our lawsuit to ensure that it moved rapidly. Hard to assail our efforts to move as expeditiously as possible.

    What the Chairman was really saying, however, is that, if NAB wins, then NAB will have caused the auction to be delayed. I guess in one sense that is correct, as the court finding that the FCC acted unlawfully would necessitate a reworking of the rules in question. But if the court finds in our favor, isn’t it the FCC that is responsible for the delay? NAB has laid out why we believe the FCC has acted outside the law in a few distinct areas. We have even proposed numerous compromise solutions that seek to help the FCC achieve what it wants while not harming broadcasters or skirting the law. So if the FCC insists on seeing the litigation through and loses, then it has no one else to blame but itself. Don’t pin that on us.

    Look, I’ve been around a bit and I get it. It’s easy to blame the broadcasters when everyone else is chomping at the bit to get our spectrum – whether free (“unlicensed”), paid for in full (AT&T/Verizon Wireless) or at a discounted, government-subsidized rate (T-Mobile, Sprint, DISH).  It’s certainly easier to point the finger at someone else rather than ponder other potentially misguided policy decisions that have undermined trust with the very industries needed to participate in the auction. Easier than blaming the rocky net neutrality proceeding which has sucked nearly all of the air out of the auction room and scared wireless carriers into focusing solely on whether they will be subject to a bevy of new government regulation. Easier than blaming the frayed trust with broadcasters as a result of forcing them to unwind scores of sharing arrangements that had only recently been expressly blessed by the Commission. Easier than blaming the fact that, until just recently, senior FCC leadership has shown little interest in collaborating with broadcasters who are interested in continuing to serve their communities. And it is definitely easier than blaming the fact that would-be spectrum sellers still have no idea what kind of return they can reasonably expect in the auction.

    Despite all of these unfortunate self-created obstacles, we at NAB still believe this auction can be a success. We strongly recommend avoiding further finger pointing and getting to the table to try to find the best solutions for all stakeholders. Inventing rumors of wireless carrier disinterest or about NAB “elements” that don’t like the auction is a waste of everyone’s time. NAB has worked very well with all other industries in this proceeding, even when we’ve disagreed with them. We all have an auction to run. NAB is ready. We are willing. But it would sure help if we had a partner at the helm of the FCC.

     

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